Abstract
To successfully reach the "close the loop" objective, as advocated by the Circular Economy (CE), a revision of the existing linear production economy model, to balance resource utilization and waste discharge is necessary. Incorporating concepts like the CE and Industrial Symbiosis (IS), especially in the production phase, can be instrumental for policymakers and stakeholders, to enhance resource efficiency, environmental, social sustainability, and economic competitiveness within the industrial system. Indeed, IS connects enterprises from several different industries to foster waste recovery, increase resource productivity, and mitigate environmental footprint. Moreover, large areas can be difficult to manage for recycling initiatives. Industrial parks (IPs), with their defined borders, offer a more manageable solution. These specified areas are considered intricate ecosystems, in which stakeholders engage and collaborate symbiotically, reflecting a synergistic framework. In this regard, the study, as part of the CE_IPsa (CE_IPsa: A development model for Circular Economy between Industrial Parks and surroundings areas) project, performed a literature overview focused on the IP initiatives that have evolved at the European Union level. This research attempts to contribute to the understanding and improvement of sustainable practices within industrial systems, while evidencing any symbiotic relationship that may exist between IS and CE in alleviating the impacts of the linear production model and promoting sustainability. In summary, the investigation highlights the challenges, opportunities, and potential future outlooks for research and policy initiatives.